《Modern Instruments in Chemical Analysis》求取 ⇩

Chapter 1.Introduction1

electromagnetic radiations2

choice of method3

sample required4

preparation of sample5

Chapter 2.Emission spectroscopy6

uses of emission spectros-copy6

atomic and molecular spectra7

instrumentation8

photographic photometry19

qualitative analysis21

quantitative analysis22

specific methods24

bibliography31

references31

Chapter 3.Flame photometry32

advantages of the method35

limitations of the method35

elimination of interference effects36

commercial instruments36

elements determinable39

use of band spectra40

interferences40

standards43

typical determinations46

sodium and potassium in biological materials49

references50

Chapter 4.Visual and ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry introduction51

principles of visual and ultra-violet absorption spectrophotometry54

qualitative analysis55

quantitative analysis57

instruments69

typical analysis79

references82

Chapter 5.Infrared spectrophotometry origin of infrared spectra and regions83

qualitative and structural analysis85

quantitative analysis88

instruments91

examples of quantitative analysis98

bibliography99

references99

Chapter 6.Raman spectroscopy principles100

Raman spectra and frequency shifts100

advantages and dis-advantages102

instrumentation102

sample preparation104

qualitative analysis105

quantitative analysis106

bibliography110

references110

Chapter 7.Mass spectrometry111

the analytical mass spectrom-eter113

the isotope-ratio mass spectrometer114

the leak-detector mass spectrometer116

analysis of gaseous mixtures116

analysis of organic compounds118

analysis of inorganic materials118

bibliography122

references122

Chapter 8.χ-ray diffraction123

principle of analysis124

prop-erties of χ rays125

crystal structure127

methods of determining χ-ray diffraction spectra130

commercial χ-ray diffraction equipment134

powder-diffraction techniques140

low-temperature χ-raycrystallography149

fluorescent χ-ray spectros-copy149

bibliography153

references153

Chapter 9.Survey of electroanalysis154

electrolytic methods155

electrotitrations158

analysis by measurement of electrical properties158

miscellaneous electrical methods159

spatial representation159

references162

Chapter 10.Polarography163

essentials of a polarograph163

ideal polarographic curve164

scope and precision165

general background165

apparatus173

applications182

amperometric titrations189

bibliography194

references194

Chapter 11.Potentiometric analysis196

potentials of galvanic cells197

potentiometric pH measurement198

potentiometric acid-base titrations202

potentiometric precipitation and complex-formation titrations208

potentiometric oxidation-reduction titrations208

apparatus213

applications220

bibliography221

references221

Chapter 12.Conductometric analysis224

definitions of units224

conductometrie titrations226

determination of water231

analysis of salt solutions231

measurement of conductance231

high-frequency(oscil-lometric)methods237

bibliography240

references240

Chapter 13.Coulometric analysis243

controlled potential243

controlled current244

measurement of quantity of electricity consumed244

controlled potential instrumentation246

controlled potential applications249

constant-current primary coulometry254

constant-current secondary coulometry255

constant-current instrumentation255

constant-current applications258

references265

Chapter 14.Radioactivity268

atomic and nuclear structure and radiation269

properties of radioactivity274

availability and procurement of radioisotopes282

units of radiation and radiation dosage286

permissible radiation dosage288

radioactivity instruments289

radioactivity laboratory safety practices299

applications306

bibliography314

Index317