《Table 3 Prevalence of anxiety disorder comorbidity in bipolar disorder:Evidence from epidemiologica

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《Comorbidity of bipolar and anxiety disorders:An overview of trends in research》

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1Only for bipolar spectrum disorders；2National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions（NESARC）prevalence among elderlygeneralized anxiety disorder（GAD）:lifetime 2.5%；current 1%，and panic disorder（PD）-lifetime 2.5%；current 2%-NESARC pr

Joslyn et al[136]examined the effects of age of onset of BD on the clinical profile and outcome of BD in a meta-analysis of 15 studies including 7370 patients.An earlier age of onset was found to be significantly associated with comorbid bipolar and anxietydisorders with an odds ratio of more than two.The association with early onset has been replicated by other meta-analytic reviews of total anxiety disorder comorbidity and meta-analyses of individual anxiety disorders including comorbid GAD，OCD，and panic disorders[18，20，30，33，36].This relationship has been further endorsed by several systematic reviews of comorbid anxiety disorders in BD[9，10，16，17，22].Higher prevalence of anxiety disorders among those with a younger age of onset has also been found in epidemiological surveys[73，80，86，93，132]as well as large-scale clinical studies of BD[100，106，107，110，113].Moreover，earlier age of onset has been associated with poorer outcome in patients with BD and comorbid anxiety disorders[8，17].