《Table 2.Number of satellite observations in the MODIS DA and FY3 DA experiments.》

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《Aerosol Data Assimilation Using Data from Fengyun-3A and MODIS:Application to a Dust Storm over East Asia in 2011》

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To examine the impacts of AOD DA on the aerosol analysis，we plotted the bias（Figs.4a–c）and root-mean-square error（RMSE）（Figs.4d–f） of the simulated AOD when using the FY-3 and MODIS observation data as reference data.The DA experiments were performed at 0600 UTC，when both the FY-3 and the MODISAOD data were present，from 28 April to 3 May 2011.As shown in Fig.4 and Table 1，it is clear that the model underpredicted AOD（biases of-0.3 to-0.7）.After DA，the model low bias was substantially reduced，with bias（RMSE）values consistently near-0.1（0.2）in FY3 DA，while bias（RMSE）values were consistently near-0.2（0.2）in MODIS DA and 0.1（0.1）in FY3+MODIS DA.Overall，the bias and RMSE were reduced by an average of 30%compared to the CNT experiment during the dust storm period，which verified the positive effects of AOD DA systems.In addition，assimilation using different satellite data showed different effects:the bias and RMSE values calculated based on the FY3 DA experiment were reduced more than the values from the MODIS DA experiment.Furthermore，in the FY3+MODIS DA experiment，the bias and RMSE values were reduced more than the two individual data systems.