《Table 1–Characterization of sediments and SBIOsamples.》

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《Assessing the capacity of biochar to stabilize copper and lead in contaminated sediments using chemical and extraction methods》

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BET:Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface；-:not measured.aThe result from ICP-MS；bthe result from XRF.The original concentration without Cu（II）or Pb（II）spiking.

The physicochemical properties of the biochar and air-dried sediments were characterized as follows.The pH was measured in a 1:1 suspension of solid and deionized water and shaken for 3 hr at 160 r/min.This test showed that the samples were alkaline（Table 1）.The concentrations of total organic carbon（TOC）were determined with a TOC analyzer（Multi N/C 3100，Analytik Jena AG）.The surface area was determined with the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller（BET）equation with multipoint adsorption isotherms of N2at 77K.Solid samples of biochar and sediment were digested with HNO3HF，and HClO4（3/2/3 mL）in a Teflon bomb，the metal concentrations in the extract solution were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry（FAAS）or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS）.The chemical compositions were characterized by X-ray fluorescence（XRF）spectrometry（Yin and Zhu，2016）.