《Table 1 Details of diatom sampling in surface sediments of the South China Sea》

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《Morphology and distribution of the marine diatom Azpeitia africana(Janisch ex A. Schmidt) G. Fryxell & T. P. Watkins in the South China Sea》

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We studied the morphology and distribution of the marine diatom A.africana from 62 samples in the uppermost 1 cm of sediment in the SCS.The sediment samples were collected with a grab or a box corer during cruises on R/Vs Ocean-4 in 2000–2001，Shiyan-3 in 2007 and Yanping-2 in 2007.The sampling stations were located between 3°56.61′–20°59.37′N and 108°30.68′–116°46.70′E（Table 1，Fig.1）.The water depths of sampling stations ranged from 72 m to 4 238 m.Optical microscope samples were prepared according to H?kansson（1984）.Samples were treated with 10%HCl to remove calcareous matter and then treated with 30%H 2 O 2（1–2 h in a water bath at 60°C）to remove organic material.Samples with high proportion of clay were washed repeatedly by suspending and dispersing the material in distilled water in a 100-mL beaker.The supernatant was decanted off after at least 3 h，and the aliquot of the suspension was shaken，smeared on a cover slip and dried.After the materials were completely dry，samples were mounted with Naphrax.Samples for scanning electron microscopy（SEM）were prepared according to Huang et al.（1998）.The coverslip was placed in dilute sulfuric acid and boiled for 30 min，then soaked in alcohol for 1 week.The sample liquid was dropped on a coverslip，and the sample was observed under the JEM-100CX II SEM（JEOL，Akishima-shi，Japan）after sputtering with gold for 25–30 s.