《Table 2 Regional correlations and signifi cance levels between the winter mean SIC and SST fi elds

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《Satellite-observed trends in the Arctic sea ice concentration for the period 1979–2016》

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Regionally，the areas with higher correlations obtained between the winter average SST and SIC fi elds in the ice-covered areas for the period 1982–2016（Table 2）are mainly located around the marginal shelf seas，e.g.，the Kara Sea（-0.84），Barents Sea（-0.92），and Bering Sea（-0.93）wherein the removal of sea ice cover contributes to a warmer surface airfl ow.In the Central Arctic Ocean，the two variables also correlate well（R=-0.76）.The signifi cant SIC decrease over the Central Arctic Ocean，especially for the summer and autumn，contributes to a local increase in the SST.All these correlations past the99%signifi cance test.According to the Fig.9，the enervate increasing SIC trend occured in the Beaufort Sea（0.65%/dec），East Siberian Sea（0.32%/dec）.On the contrary，the ice in Kara Sea and Greenland Sea retreated rapidly，and the fastest decreasing SIC trend-9.67%/dec is in the Barents Sea，which is more than seven times the velocity of that in the whole Arctic ice-covered areas.